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CITY HISTORY LEAFLETS 



PRICE, 10 CENTS 



Copyright, 1909, by the 
City History Club of New York 



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CITY HISTORY LEAFLETS 



FIRST SERIES NUMBER 2 



HENRY HUDSON'S THIRD VOYAGE 

In the Third Volume of Purchas his Pilgrimes, (London, 1625) 
THE Sixteenth Chapter is Headed as Follows : 

The Third voyage of MASTER HENRIE HUDSON toward 
Noua Zembla and at his retoume his pafsing from Farre 
Hand to New found Land and along to fortie foure 
degrees and ten minutes and then to Cape Cod 
and fo to thirtie three degrees and along the 
Coaft to the northward in fortie two degrees _ _^ 

and an halfe and up the River neere f\S p^rT <i3u< 
,to fortie three degrees Written ' ^ 

by Robert Ivet of Lime-House. 

-The pages of this English clergyman, the Reverend 
Samuel Purchas, and the Dutch historians van Meteren 
and de Laet have given us most of our facts concerning 
Henry Hudson's life and career. 

The place and date of his birth are unknown. A citizen 
of London, it is probable that he came of a race of sailors, 
and that his grandfather was an alderman who had been 
associated with the younger Cabot in founding the Mus- 
covy Company. 

His first and second recorded voyages were undertaken 
for this Company of Englishmen, and although unsuccess- 
ful in finding the coveted Northwest passage to Eastern 
wealth, they brought him considerable reputation as a 



£7^9 

■^'^^- 

bold and skillful navigator; so that in 1609, when the 
Dutch East India Company, no longer able to traverse the 
Mediterranean, and fearing English enterprise, determined 
to discover and control the Northern route, Henry Hudson 
was engaged by the Amsterdam Chamber to head its 
expedition. 

On a morning in April he guided the little Half Moon 
with her crew of perhaps sixteen souls from the Schreyer's 
Toorn, down the Texel, and away to the northward to- 
ward the long-dreamed of Polar Sea. Instructions were, 
to search for the passage alone, and not discovering it, to 
return to Holland. The ship gained the North Cape, but 
was prevented by ice and snow from reaching "Nona 
Zembla." The crew turned mutinous, and the northern 
route was abandoned ; but instead of proceeding to Hol- 
land, the little vessel set her sails for the west. Past 
Norway and the Faroe Islands — "The Farre Islands" — 
beset by disastrous gales, she skirted the fishing-banks of 
"New Found Land," and came in sight of the American 
coast at what is thought to be Penobscot Bay. Hudson, 
who had Captain John Smith's charts, doubtless believed 
that south of Virginia lay the waters which were the 
goal of his desires. About the middle of August the ship 
rode at anchor in what is now Chesapeake Bay, and turn- 
ing back again, on September second Hudson sighted the 
shores to which only Verrazano, and possibly Gomez, had 
sailed before, — the country that was "a good land to fall 
in with, and a pleasant land to see." 

The log of Robert Juet, Hudson's secretary, describes 
the explorations which led to the founding of New Am- 
sterdam. September second the explorers anchored. They 
entered the Upper Bay, and "going in with the flood," they 
floated and sailed to where the city of Albany now stands. 
The claim that Hudson supposed the River to be a strait 
until undeceived by the freshening water is now disproved. 



On September nineteenth they made their highest an- 
chorage, and turning down the river, on October fourth 
they went again to sea. 

The unruly crew feared punishment in Holland, and it 
was agreed to visit Ireland. But instead, the ship put in 
at Dartmouth, where the English, "who thought it was 
a shame that an Englishman should sail for a foreign 
power," declined to permit their countryman again to 
enter the service of the Dutch. 

Once more with a crew of cruel and desperate adven- 
turers, Hudson sought "to try if through any of the pas- 
sages which Davis saw" a way might be found to the 
South Sea. And in the end, set adrift in a tiny shallop, 
with a few enfeebled companions and a little lad, he dis- 
appears in the icy mists of the great bay that bears his 
name. E. H. 



(^The extract given has been condensed and reprinted by 
kind permission from the Bleventh Annual Report of 
the American Scenic and Historic Preservation So- 
ciety.) 

JUET'S JOURNAL OF HUDSON'S VOYAGE. 

The Urst of September (1609), faire weather, the wind 
variable betweene east and south ; we steered away north 
northwest. At noone we found our height to bee 39 
degrees, 3 minutes. Wee had soundings, thirtie, twentie- 
seven, twentie-foure, and twentie-two fathomes, as wee 
went to the northward. At sixe of the clocke wee had 
one and twentie fathomes. And all the third watch, till 
twelve of the clocke at mid-night, we had soundings one 
and twentie, two and twentie, eighteene, two and twentie, 
one and twentie, eighteene, and two and twentie fathoms, 
and went sixe leagues neere hand north northwest. 

The second, in the morning, close weather, the winde 
at the south in the morning; from twelve untill two of the 
clocke we steered north north-west, and had sounding 
one and twentie fathoms ; and in running one glasse we 
had but sixteene fathoms, then seventeene, and so shoalder 
and shoalder untill it came to twelve fathoms. We saw 
a great fire, but could not see the land ; then we came to 
ten fathoms, whereupon w^e brought our tackes aboord, 
aiid stood to the eastward east southeast, foure glasses. 
Then the sunne arose, and wee steered away north againe, 
and saw the land from the west by north to the north, 
west by north, all like broken islands,* and our soundings 
were eleven and ten fathoms. Then wee looft in for the 



* vSandy Hook 



shoare, and faire by the shoare we had seven fathoms. 
The course along the land we found to be northeast by 
north. From the land which we had first sight of, untill 
we came to' a great lake of water,* as wee could judge it 
to bee, being drowned land, which made it to rise like 
islands, which was in length ten leagues. The mouth of 
that land hath many shoalds, and the sea breaketh on 
them as it is cast out of the mouth of it. And from that 
lake or bay the land lyeth north by east, and wee had a 
great streame out of the bay; and from thence our 
sounding was ten fathoms two leagues from the land. 
At five of the clocke we anchored, being little winde, and 
rode in eight fathoms water; the night was faire. This 
night I found the land to hall the compasse 8 degrees. 
Far to the northward off us we saw high hills.t For 
the day before we found not above 2 degrees of varia- 
tion. This is a very good land to fall with, and a pleasant 
land to see. 

The third, the morning mystie, untill ten of the clocke; 
then it cleered, and the wind came to the south south- 
east, so wee weighed and stood to the northward. The 
land$ is very pleasant and high, and bold to fall withall. 
At three of the clock in the after-noone, wee came to 
three great rivers. So we stood along to the northermost, 
thinking to have gone into it, but we found it to have a 
very shoald barre before it, for we had but ten foot water. 
Then we cast about to the southward, and found two 
fathoms, three fathoms, and three and a quarter, till we 
came to the souther side of them ; then we had five and 
sixe fathoms, and anchored. So wee sent in our boate 

* The Lower Bay. 
t The Navesink Hills. 
X vStaten Island. 



to sound, and they found no lesse water then foure, five, 
sixe, and seven fathoms, and returned in an houre, and a 
halfe. So wee weighed and went in, and rode in five 
fathoms, oze ground, and saw many salmons, and mul- 
lets, and rayes, very great. The height is 40 degrees, 
30 minutes. 

The fourth, in the morning, as soone as the day was 
light, wee saw that it was good riding farther up. So 
we sent our boate to sound, and found that it was a very 
good harbour, and foure and five fathomes, two cables 
length from the shoare. Then we weighed and went in 
with our ship. Then our boate went on land with our 
net to fish, and caught ten great mullets, of a foote and 
a halfe long a peece, and a ray as great as foure men 
could hall into the ship. So wee trimmed our boate 
and rode still all day. At night the wind blew hard at 
the north-west, and our anchor came home, and wee 
drove on shoare, but tooke no hurt, thanked bee God, 
for the ground is soft sand and oze. This day the 
people of the country came aboord of us, seeming very 
glad of our comming, and brought greene tobacco, and 
gave us of it for knives and beads. They goe in deere 
skins loose, well dressed. They have yellow copper. They 
desire cloathes, and are very civill. They have great 
store of maize, or Indian wheate, whereof they make good 
bread. The countrey is full of great and tall oake. 

The fifth , in the morning, as soone as the day was light, 
the wind ceased and the flood came. So we heaved off 
our ship againe into five fathoms water, and sent our 
boate to sound the bay, . and we found that there was 
three fathoms hard by the souther shoare. Our men 
went on land there, and saw great store of men, women, 
and children, who gave them tabacco at their coming on 
land. So they went up into the woods, and saw great 
store of very goodly oakes and some currants. For one 



of them came aboord and brought some dryed, and gave 
me some, which were sweet and good. This day many 
of the people came aboord, some in mantles of feathers, 
and some in skinnes of divers sorts of good furres. Some 
women also came to us with hempe. They had red cop- 
per tobacco pipes, and other things of copper they did 
weare about their neckes. At night they went on land 
againe, so wee rode very quiet, but durst no trust them. 

The sixth, in the morning, was faire weather, and our 
master sent John Colman, with foure other men in our 
boate, over to the north-side to sound the other river, 
being foure leagues from us. They found by the way 
shoald water, two fathoms; but at the north of the river 
eighteen and twentie fathoms, and very good riding for 
ships ; and a narrow river to the westward betweene two 
ilands. The lands, they told us, were as pleasant with 
grasse and flowers and goodly trees as ever they had 
scene, and very sweet smells came from them. So they 
went in two leagues and saw an open sea, and returned; 
and as they came backe, they were set upon by two canoes, 
the one having twelve, the other fourteene men. The 
night came on, and it began to rayne, so that their match 
went out, and they had one man slaine in the fight, which 
was an Englishman, named John Colman, with an arrow 
shot into his throat, and two more hurt. It grew so 
darke that they could not find the ship that night, but 
labored to and fro on their oares. They had so great 
a streame, that their grapnell would not hold them. 

The seventh, was faire, and by ten of the clocke they 
returned aboord the ship, and brought our dead man with 
them, whom we carried on land and buryed, and named 
the point after his name, Colmans Point. Then we hoysted 
in our boate, and raised her side with waste boords for 
defense of our men. So we rode still all night, having 
good regard to our watch. 



10 

The eight, was very faire weather, wee rode still very 
quietly. The people came aboord us, and brought tabacco 
and Indian wheat to exchange for knives and beades, and 
offered us no violence. So we fitting up our boate did 
marke them, to see if they would make any shew of the 
death of our man ; which they did not. 

The ninth, faire weather. In the morning, two great 
canoes came aboord full of men ; the one with their bowes 
and arrowes, .and the other in shew of buying of knives to 
betray us ; but we perceived their intent. Wee tooke two 
of them to have kept them, and put red coates on them, 
and would not suffer the other to come neere us. So they 
went on land, and two other came aboord in a canoe ; we 
tooke the one and let the other goe ; but hee which wee 
had taken, got up and leapt over-boord. Then we weighed 
and went off into the channell of the river, and anchored 
there all night. 

The tenth, faire weather, we rode still till twelve of the 
clocke. Then we weighed and went over, and found it 
shoaled all the middle of the river, for wee could find but 
two fathoms and a halfe and three fathomes for the space 
of a league ; then wee came to three fathomes and foure 
fathomes, and so to seven fathomes, and anchored, and 
rode all night in soft ozie ground. The bank is sand. 

The eleventh was faire and very hot weather. At one 
of the clocke in the after-noone wee weighed and went into 
the river, the wind at south-west, little winde. Our 
soundings were seven, sixe, five, sixe, seven, eight, nine, 
ten, twelve, thirteene, and fourteene fathomes. Then it 
shoalded againe and came to five fathomes. Then wee 
anchored, and saw that it was a very good harbour for all 
windes, and rode all night. The people of the country 
came aboord of us, making shew of love, and gave us 
tabacco and Indian wheat, and departed for that night ; 
but we durst not trust them. 



II 

The twelfth, very faire and hot. In the after-noone, at 
two of the clocke, wee weighed, the winde being variable 
betweene the north and north-west. So we turned into 
the river two leagues and anchored.* This morning, at 
our first rode in the river, there came eight and twentie 
canoes full of men, women and children to betray us ; but 
we saw their intent, and suffered none of them to come 
aboord of us. At twelve of the clocke they departed. 
They brought with them oysters and beanes, whereof wee 
bought some. They have great tabacco pipes of yellow 
copper, and pots of earth to dresse their meate in. It 
floweth southeast by south within. 

The thirteenth, faire weather, the wind northerly. At 
seven of the clocke in the morning, as the floud came wee 
weighed, and turned foure miles into the river. The tide 
being done wee anchored. Then there came foure canoes 
aboord ; but wee suffered none of them to come into our 
ship. They brought great store of very good oysters 
aboord, which we bought for trifles. In the night I set 
the variation of the compasse, and found it to be 13 de- 
grees. In the after-noone we weighed, and turned in 
with the floud, two leagues and a halfe further, and an- 
chored all night; and had five fathoms soft ozie ground; 
and had an high point of land, which shewed out to us, 
bearing north bv east five leagues off us. 

The fourteenth, in the morning, being very faire 
weather, the wind south-east, we sayled up the river twelve 
leagues, and had five fathoms, and five fathoms and a 
quarter lesse ; and came to a streight betweene two points,! 
and had eight, nine, and ten fathoms ; and it trended 
north-east by north, one league; and wee had twelve, 
thirteene, and fourteene fathoms. The river is a mile 



* About opposite the Battery. 

t Between Stony and Verplanck points, according to Moulton's 
computation (History of New Yoric). 



12 

broad; there is very high land on both sides. Then we 
went up north-west, a league and a halfe deepe water. 
Then north-east by north, five miles; then north-west by 
north, two leagues and anchored. The land grew very 
high and mountainous. The river is full of fish. 

The iifteenth, in the morning, was misty, untill the 
sunne arose; then it cleered. So wee weighed with the 
wind at south, and ran up into the river twentie leagues, 
passing by high mountaines. Wee had a very good depth, 
as sixe, seven, eight, nine, ten, twelve, and thirteene 
fathomes, and great store of salmons in the river. This 
morning our two savages got out of a port and swam 
away. After wee were under sayle, they called to us in 
scorne. At night we came to other mountaines, which lie 
from the rivers side. There wee found very loving people, 
and very old men. Where wee were well used. Our boat 
went to fish, and caught great store of very good fish. 

The sixteenth, faire and very hot weather. In the 
morning our boat went againe to fishing, but could catch 
but few, by reason their canoes had beene there all night. 
This morning the people came aboord, and brought us 
eares of Indian corne, and pompions, and tabacco ; which 
wee bought for trifles. We rode still all day, and filled 
fresh water ; at night wee weighed and went two leagues 
higher, and had shoald water so wee anchored till day. 

The seventeenth, faire sun-shining weather, and very 
hot. In the morning, as soone as the sun was up, we set 
sayle, and ran up sixe leagues higher, and found shoalds 
in the middle of the channell, and small ilands, but seven 
fathoms water on both sides. Toward night, we borrowed 
so neere the shore, that we grounded ; so we layed out our 
small anchor, and heaved off againe. Then we borrowed 
on the banke in the channell, and came aground againe; 
while the floud ran we heaved off againe, and anchored all 
night.* 

* Probably a few miles below the spot where Albany now stands. 



13 

The eighteenth, in the morning, was faire weather, and 
we rode still. In the after-noone our masters mate went 
on land with an old savage, a governor of the countrey ; 
who carried him to his house, and made him good clieere. 

The nineteenth, was faire and hot weather; at the floud, 
being neere eleven of the clocke, wee weighed, and ran 
higher up two leagues above the shoalds, and had no lesse 
water than five fathoms ; wee anchored, and rode in eight 
fathomes. The people of the countrie came flocking 
aboord, and brought us grapes and pompions, which wee 
bought for trifles. And many brought us bevers skinnes 
and otters skinnes, which we bought for beades, knives, 
and hatchets. So we rode there all night.* 
■ The tzventieth, in the morning, was faire weather. Our 
masters mate with foure men more went up with our 
boat to sound the river, and found two leagues above us 
but two fathomes water, and the channell very narrow; 
and above that place, seven or eight fathomes. Toward 
night they returned; and we rode still all night. 

The one and twentieth was faire weather, and the wind 

all southerly; we determined yet once more to go farther 

up into the river, to trie what depth and breadth it did 

beare; but much people resorted aboord, so wee went 

not this day. Our carpenter went on land, and made a 

fore-yard. And our master and his mate determined 

to trie some of the chiefe men of the countrey, whether 

they had any treacherie in them. So they tooke them 

downe into the cabbin and gave them so much wine and 

aqua vitae, that they were all merrie; and one of them 

had his wife with them, which sate so modestly, as any 

of our countrey women would doe in a strange place. In 

the ende one of them was drunke, which had been aboord 

of our ship all the time that we had beene there: and 

* Either where Albany now stands, or its immediate neighbor- 
hood. 



14 

that was strange to them ; for they could not tell how to 
take it. The canoes and folke went all on shoare ; but 
some of them came againe, and brought stropes of 
beades; some had sixe, seven, eight, nine, ten; and gave 
him. So he slept all night quietl3^ 

TJic two and twentieth was faire weather; in the morn- 
ing our masters mate and foure more of the companie 
went up with our boat to sound the river higher up. 
The people of the countrey came not aboord till noone ; 
but when they came, and saw the savages well, they were 
glad. So at three of the clocke in the after-noone they 
came aboord, and brought tabacco, and more beades, and 
gave them to our master, and made an oration, and shewed 
him all the countrey round about. Then they sent one of 
their companie on land, who presently returned, and 
brought a great platter full of venison dressed by them- 
selves ; and they caused him to eate with them ; then they 
made him reverence and departed, all save the old man 
that lay aboord. This night, at ten of the clocke, our 
boat returned in a showre of raine from sounding of the 
river ; and found it to bee at an end for shipping to goe 
in. For they had beene up eight or nine leagues, and 
found but seven foot water, and unconstant soundings. 

The three and twentieth, faire weather. At twelve of 
the clocke wee weighed, and went downe two leagues 
to a shoald that had two channels, one on the one side, 
and another on the other, and had little wind, whereby 
the tyde layed us upon it. So there wee sate on ground 
the space of an houre till the floud came. Then wee had 
a little gale of wind at the west. So wee got our ship 
into deepe water, and rode all night very well. 

The foure and tzcentieth was faire weather: the winde 
at the north-west, wee weighed, and went downe the 
river, seven or eight leagues ; and at halfe ebb wee came 
on ground on a banke of oze in the middle of the river, 



15 

and sate there till the flotid. Then wee went on land, and 
gathered good store of chest-nuts. At ten of the clocke 
we came off into deepe water, and anchored. 

The five and twentieth was faire weather, and the wind 
at south a stiffe gale; we rode still, and went on land to 
walke on the west side of the river, and found good 
ground for corne and other garden herbs, with great store 
of goodly oakes, and walnut-trees, and chest-nut trees, 
ewe trees, and trees of sweet wood in great abundance, 
and great store of slate for houses, and other good stones. 

The sixe and tzventieth was faire weather, and the 
wind at south a stiffe gale; wee rode still. In the morn- 
ing our carpenter went on land, with our masters mate 
and foure more of our companie, to cut wood. This 
morning, tow canoes came up the river from the place 
where we first found loving people, and in one of them 
was the old man that had lyen aboord of us at the other 
place. He brought another old man with him, which 
brought more stropes of beades, and gave them to our 
master, and shewed him all the countrey there about as 
though it were at his command. So he made the two old 
men dine with him, and the old mans wife: for they 
brought two old women, and two young maidens of the 
age of sixteene or seventeene yeares with them, who be- 
haved themselves very modestely. Our master gave one 
of the old men a knife, and they gave him and us ta- 
bacco. And at one of the clocke they departed downe the 
river, making signes that wee should come down to them ; 
for wee were within two leagues of the place where they 
dwelt. 

The seven and tiventietli, in the morning, was faire 
weather, but much wind at the north ; we weighed and 
set our fore top-sayle, and our ship would not flat, but 
ran on the ozie banke at half ebbe. We layed out anchor 
to heave her off, but could not. So wee sate from halfe 



i6 

ebbe to halfe floud; then wee set our fore-sayle and mayne 
top-sail, and got down sixe leagues. The old man came 
aboord, and would have had us anchor, and goe on land 
to eate with him : but the wind being f aire, we would not 
yeeld to his request; so hee left us, being very sorrowfull 
for our departure. At five of the clocke in the after- 
noone, the wind came to the south south-west. So wee 
made a boord or two, and anchored in fourteene fathomes 
water. Then our boat went on shoare to fish right 
against the ship. Our masters mate and boafcswaine, and 
three more of the companie, went on land to fish, but 
could not finde a good place. They took foure or five 
and twentie mullets, breames, bases, and barbils ; and re- 
turned in an houre. We rode still all night. 

The eight and tiventieth, being faire weather, as soone 
as the day was light, wee weighed at halfe ebbe, and 
turned downe two leagues belowe water; for the streame 
doth runne the last quarter ebbe : then we anchored till 
high water. At three of the clocke in the after-noone, we 
weighed, and turned downe three leagues, untill it was 
darke : then wee anchored. 

The nine and twentieth was drie close weather; the 
wind at south, and south and by west; we weighed early 
in the morning and turned downe three leagues by a lowe 
water, and anchored at the lower end of the long reach ; 
for it is sixe leagues long. Then there came certaine 
Indians in a canoe to us, but would not come aboord. 
After dinner there came the canoe with other men, where- 
of? three came aboord us. They brought Indian wheat, 
which we bought for trifles. At three of the clocke in 
the after-noone wee weighed, as soone as the ebbe came, 
and turned downe to the edge of the mountaines, or the 
northermost of the mountaines, and anchored : because 
the high land hath many points, and a narrow channell. 



17 

and hath manie eddie winds. So we rode quietly all 
night in seven fathoms water. 

The thirtieth was faire weather, and the wind at south- 
east a stiffe gale betweene the mountaynes. We rode 
still the afternoone. The people of the countrey came 
aboord us and brought some small skinnes with them, 
which we bought for knives and trifles. This is a very 
pleasant place to build a towne on. The road is very 
neere, and very good for all windes, save an east north- 
east winde. The mountaynes look as if some metall or 
minerall were in them. For the trees that grow on them 
were all blasted, and some of them barren, with few or 
no trees on them. The people brought a stone aboord 
like to an emery (a stone used by glasiers to cut glasse), 
it would cut iron, or Steele : yet being bruised small, and 
water put to it, it made a color like blacke lead glistering : 
it is also good for painters colours. At three of the 
clocke, they departed, and we rode still all night. 

The iirst of October, faire weather, the wind variable 
betweene the west and the north. In the morning we 
weighed at seven of the clocke, with the ebbe, and got 
down below the mountaynes, which was seven leagues. 
Then it fell calme and the floud was come, and wee an- 
chored at twelve of the clocke. The people of the moun- 
taynes came aboord us, wondering at our ship and 
weapons. We bought some small skinnes of them for 
trifles. This after-noone. one canoe kept hanging under 
our Sterne with one man in it, which we could not keepe 
from thence, who got up by our rudder to the cabin 
window, and stole out my pillow, and two shirts, and two 
bandeleeres. Our masters mate shot at him, and strooke 
him on the brest, and killed him. Whereupon all the rest 
fled away, some in their canoes, and so leapt out of them 
into the water. We manned our boat, and got our things 
againe. Then one of them that swamme got hold of our 



i8 

boat, thinking to overthrow it. But our cooke tooke a 
sword, and cut off one of his hands, and he was drowned. 
By this time the ebbe was come, and we weighed and got 
downe two leagues ; by that time it was darke. So we 
anchored in foure fathomes water, and rode well. 

The second, faire weather. At break of day wee 
weighed, the winde being at north-west, and got downe 
seven leagues ; then the floud was come strong, so wee 
anchored. Then came one of the savages that swamme 
away from us at our going up the river with many other, 
thinking to betray us, but wee perceived their intent, and 
suffered none of them to enter our ship. Whereupon two 
canoes full of men, with their bowes and arrowes shot at 
us after our sterne : In recompence whereof we dis- 
charged sixe muskets, and killed two or three of them. 
Then above an hundred of them came to a point of land 
to shoot at us. There I shot a falcon at thein and killed 
two of them ; whereupon the rest fled into the woods. 
Yet they manned off another canoe with nine or ten men, 
which came to meet us. So I shot at it also a falcon, and 
shot it through, and killed one of them. Then our men 
with their muskets killed three or foure more of them.* 
So they went their way ; within a wile after we got 
downe two leagues beyond that place, and anchored in a 
bay, cleere from all danger of them on the other side of 
the river, where we saw a very good piece of ground ; 
and hard by it there was a cliffe, that looked of the colour 
of a white greene,t as though it were either copper or 
silver myne and I thinke it to be one of them, by the trees 
that grow upon it. For they be all burned and the other 
places are greene as grasse; it is on that side of the river 

* This scene is believed to have taken place from the mouth of 
Spuyten Duyvil Creek to Fort Washington Point. 

|- The cliff was probably Castle Point, Koboken, and the bay was 
the indention north of the point. 



19 

that is called Manna-hatta* There we saw no people to 
trouble us : and rode quietly all night ; but had much wind 
and raine. 

The third, was very stormie ; the wind at east north- 
east. In the morning, in a gust of wind and raine, our 
anchor came home, and we drove on ground, but it was 
ozie. Then as we were about to have out an anchor, the 
wind came to the north north-west, and drove us off 
againe. Then we shot an anchor, and let it fall in foure 
fathomes water, and weighed the other. Wee had much 
wind and raine, with thicke weather ; so we road still all 
night. 

Tlic fourth, was faire weather, and the wind at north 
northwest; wee weighed and came out of the river, into 
which wee had runne so farre. Within a while after, wee 
came out also of the great mouth of the great river, that 
runneth up to the north-west, borrowing upon the norther 
side of the same, thinking to have deepe water : for we 
had sounded a great way with our boat at our first going 
in, and found seven, six, and five fathomes. So we came 
out that way, but we were deceived, for we had but eight 
foot and an halfe water : and so three, five, three, and 
two fathomes and an halfe. And then three, foure, five, 
sixe, seven, eight, nine and ten fathomes. And by twelve 
of the clocke we were cleere of all the inlet. Then we 
took in our boat, and set our mayne-sayle and sprit-sayle, 
and our top-sayles, and steered away east south-east, and 
south-east by east ofif into the mayne sea ; and the land 
on the souther side of the bay or inlet did beare at noonc 
west and by south foure leagues from us. 

The fifth was faire weather, and the wind variable be- 
tweene the north and the east. Wee held on our course 



* Juet's location of Manna-hatta on the Jersey side opens tip an 
interesting field for speculation. It suggests that either he made a 
mistake in applying the name, or that his I >utch successors did, for 
the lalter applied it to New York Island, 



20 

south-east by east. At noone I observed and found our 
height to bee 39 degrees, 30 minutes. Our compasse 
varied sixe degrees to the west. 

We continued our course toward England, without see- 
ing any land by the way, all the rest of this moneth of 
October, and on the seventh day of November, stilo novo, 
being Saturday, by the grace of God we safely arrived in 
the range of Dartmouth, in Devonshire, in the yeere 

'^- E. H. 



21 



THE BUILDING OF THE "CLERMONT." 

Robert Fulton was born in 1765, on a small Pennsylvania 
farm in what is now Fulton Township. As .a child he 
displayed a taste for mathematics and a decided talent for 
drawing; and at seventeen he set out for Philadelphia, 
determined to become an artist. At twenty he was a 
miniature painter, mentioned in the Philadelphia directory; 
at twenty-one, having established his mother in a home 
bought with his savings, he was on his way to England 
to study under Benjamin West; and at twenty-eight, he 
had turned his attention from painting to civil engineer- 
ing and invention, and was already endeavoring to work 
out a plan by which he could apply to navigation the 
motive power of steam. 

In 1797, when peace was proposed between France and 
England, Fulton published a pamphlet entitled, A Uni- 
versal Betterment of Humanity through a Constructive 
System of Canals and a Destructive System of Torpedoes; 
and went to France to try to secure patents for his in- 
ventions. Friendship with the United States ministers to 
France, Joel Barlow and Robert E. Livingston, encouraged 
the young American to attempt to gain governmental sup- 
port. A small paddle-wheeled boat was built and success- 
fully operated on the Seine, and another device, the tor- 
pedo-destroyer, was put before an English- commission ; 
but both the French and English governments declined to 
adopt the inventions. 

Accordingly, with the advice of Chancellor Livingston, 
who had been associated with Nicholas Roosevelt and 
John Stevens in experimentations of a similar character, 
the inventor decided to try his fortune in America. He 
formed a partnership with Livingston, and made a model 
for a larger boat than he had hitherto constructed, send- 
ing to the English firm of Watt and Bolton for an engine 
with which to propel her. In 1798, the New York State 
Legislature transferred to Livingston the exclusive priv- 
ilege (enjoyed since 1787 by John Fitch) of navigating 
by steam the waters of the State, and on August 17, 1807, 
the Clermont made her trial trip. 

A small flat-bottomed boat, one hundred and fifty feet 
long by thirteen feet wide, she drew two feet of water, 



22 

and was propelled by paddle-wheels attached to the axle 
of the engine crank. She had two cabins, between which 
the engine was placed, a tiller and two masts. 

Steadily proceeding up the stream, indifferent to wind 
and tide, the new wonder kept her course from a starting 
point in the North River to her goal at Albany, covering 
one hundred and fifty miles in thirty-two hours, an un- 
rivalled speed. The success of the experiment was unques- 
tioned. 

Boat after boat followed in rapid succession. A pas- 
senger line was established between New York and 
Albany, ferry-boats began to ply from New York to New 
Jersey, and between Brooklyn and New York, and still 
the genius of the inventor was busy with schemes to bet- 
ter his devices. Canal improvements, submarine boats, 
the floating-dock and other inventions were completed ; 
until, soon after the launching of the great war vessel 
which was to lead the navies of the world, devotion to his 
work brought on an illness from which Fulton was not to 
recover. He died in New York, at his home in Battery 
Place, in the winter of 1815. 

His ashes lie in the I^ivingston vault at the southern 
end of Trinity Churchyard, where his wife, Harriet Liv- 
ingston, was buried beside him. A monument to his mem- 
ory, erected by the American Society of Mechanical Engi- 
neers, stands near by. The bronze medallion shows a 
man in early middle age, whose finely cut, strongly 
modelled features wear an expression of dignified calm. 
It is the face of an idealist who was also a man of affairs, 
and in whom patient industry in pursuing an ambition 
was inspired by imagination, enthusiasm and high cour- 
age, — a combination of qualities which place Robert Ful- 
ton among the foremost inventors of modern times. 



OGT ^ 1912 



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